Arithmetic

When Percentages Don’t Make Sense

Last week’s question led to a number of previous questions, which would have made it too long. Here we’ll look at the last couple references we gave, dealing with percentages of a negative base. This time, the problems will be mostly about money.

Percentage Change in Temperature?

Continuing to look at past questions that didn’t make it into the blog, I find a question about percentage change in temperature, which nicely ties together a couple older topics that have long been on my list to cover. Let’s do that now.

Dividing Decimals: How and Why

We have looked at how we add, subtract, and multiply decimals. Now we’ll conclude with division: what we do, why we do it, and how we don’t really need to do it that way.

Multiplying Decimals: How and Why

We’ve looked at how to add or subtract decimals. Now let’s move on to multiplication; we’ll look at three answers to the same sort of question.

What is a Ratio, Really?

A recent question reminded me I hadn’t yet written about the complexity surrounding the definition of ratio (and related terms, like rate and fraction). Here are four questions about the words.

Casting Out Nines: Why It Works

Last week we looked at how to “cast out nines” to check arithmetic, and touched only briefly on its relationship with modular arithmetic and remainders. Here we’ll look at several explanations of why it works, aimed at different levels of students, with varying levels of success..

Casting Out Nines: What and How

This old technique for checking arithmetic is both easy and hard to describe: easy to explain in advanced terms, but hard to explain in elementary terms. We’ll try to do it all here, but a fuller explanation of the “why” will come next week.

Arithmetic with Roman Numerals

Have you ever wondered how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide using Roman numerals? On one hand, we’ll give the simple answer that the Romans didn’t actually do what you think; on the other hand, we’ll consider what they actually did.